5 Factors That Affect Wound Healing

Wound healing is a complex process, and while the body is designed to repair itself, certain conditions can interrupt this process, paving the way for serious complications.

Patients with conditions that slow wound healing, such as diabetes, and peripheral artery disease are at risk of developing slow-healing, or non-healing wounds. As a part of living well with these conditions, patients require specialized care to ensure proper wound healing. 

The interventional radiology, vascular, and wound care specialists at Third Coast Vascular work together to provide comprehensive care to the Sheboygan and Milwaukee, Wisconsin communities. 

The team works closely with patients at risk of chronic wounds to provide top-quality care and information to best manage chronic wounds, and reduce further complications. The following are five key factors that impact wound healing. 

1. Circulation and oxygenation

Adequate blood flow is essential for effective wound healing. Oxygen plays a critical role in cell regeneration, collagen production, and immune response. Conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetes can impair circulation, and reduce the delivery of oxygen and essential nutrients to the wound. 

Reduced blood supply can slow tissue repair and increase the risk of infection. Here at Third Coast Vascular, wound care specialist Lori Brooks, MD, offers advanced treatments, including in-office hyperbaric oxygen therapy to manage non-healing wounds, boost oxygen, and reduce the risk of serious complications.  

1. Infection and inflammation

A well-regulated inflammatory response is necessary for wound healing. However, too much inflammation or infection can disrupt or delay healing. Bacterial colonization in a wound can lead to tissue damage and prolonged inflammation.

Signs of infection, including increased redness, warmth, swelling, or discharge, require prompt management. Proper wound cleaning, antimicrobial treatments, and infection control measures are crucial to reducing complications and supporting wound healing.

1. Blood sugar levels and metabolic health

Patients with diabetes face unique challenges in wound healing due to the effects of high blood sugar levels on circulation, immune function, and tissue repair. Hyperglycemia impairs white blood cell function, making it more difficult for the body to fight infection. 

It also damages blood vessels, reducing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the wound. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels through medication, diet, and lifestyle adjustments is essential to supporting the healing process and preventing chronic wounds.

1. Impaired immune function

A strong immune response is essential for fighting infections and promoting wound healing. However, diabetes and vascular diseases can compromise immune function, making wounds more susceptible to delayed healing and infection. 

Chronic high blood sugar impairs immune function, increasing the risk of wound complications. Additionally, reduced circulation in PAD limits the transport of immune cells to the wound site, further hindering the body’s natural defense mechanisms. 

For patients with diabetes or PAD, Dr. Brooks creates a structured wound care plan to reduce the risk of infections.

1. Nutrition and hydration

Proper nutrition provides the body with the building blocks necessary for wound healing. Protein, vitamins (especially vitamins C and A), and minerals such as zinc play vital roles in tissue repair and immune function. 

Malnutrition can lead to delayed wound healing and increased susceptibility to infection. Hydration is equally important, as dehydration can impair circulation and slow cellular activity. A well-balanced diet tailored to individual needs supports the body's ability to heal efficiently.

Expert wound management

At Third Coast Vascular, specialized wound care and vascular interventions help patients achieve better healing outcomes. For expert wound management, contact the office of Third Coast Vascular to schedule a visit.